Chuukyuu Go (continued)

[DIRECT/INDIRECT QUOTE]

Billy asked Tim, "When are you going to Tokyo?"
Birii-san wa Timu-san ga "itsu tokyou e ikimasuka" to kikimashita. -direct
Billy asked Tim when he was going to Tokyo.
Birii-san wa Timu-san ga itsu tokyou e ikuka kikimashita. -indirect

*add "ka" at the end of the question word (itsu, nani, doko, dare, etc.)

Billy asked Tim "Are you going to Tokyo?"
Birii-san wa Timu-san ga "Tokyou e ikimasuka" to kikimasita. -direct
Billy asked Tim if he was going to Tokyo.
Birii-san wa Timu-san ga Tokyou e ikukadouka kikimashita. -indirect

**if it is a yes/no answer-question, use short form of verb +kadouka (i.e. nomu+kadouka=nomukadouka)

1)Answering questions with "kadouka"...

Example:
Q)Does Billy step outside?
Birii-san wa soto ni demasuka?
A)I don't know whether or not Billy steps outside.
Birii-san wa soto ni derukadouka wakarimasen. (use kadouka and wakaranai/wakarimasen)

*Extra Notes:
Q)Tsugou ga iidesuka - Are you available (schedule-wise)?
A)Tsugou ga atta(I "found" available time)/tsugou ga warui(I'm not availabe; "bad schedule")/tsugou ga ii(I'm available; "good schedule")

[ALREADY HAVE/HAVEN'T YET]

1)~tenai is used for "~haven't yet"
Example: Billy hasn't come home yet.
Birii-san wa mada kaettekite nainda. (kaettekite=come home)

2)~mou[V] is used for "already have"
Example: Billy already ate the cake.
Birii-san wa keeki mou tabetta.

3)~[V]takoto is used for "lifetime experience"
Example1: I have never in my lifetime been to Japan.
Nihon ni ikitakoto ga arimasen.
Example2: Billy went to Japan before (in his lifetime).
Birii-san wa nihon ni ikitakoto ga arimasu.

*Extra Notes:
~tte (iimashita) is informal compared to ~to iu/iimashita
Sakihodo - earlier (today)
Gocon - group date/party (popular in Japan, a party for "single" people)
Conpa - party (with employees and such)

[LEAVING A MESSAGE BY THE PHONE]

Dialogue Example:
Billy: May I please leave a message?
Birii: Jya, sumimasenga, dengon onegaidekimasuka.
Tim's Mother: Yes, go ahead.
Timu no haha: Hai, douzo.
Billy: Could you please tell him that we're going to the park tomorrow?
Birii: Ano, ashita kouen ni iku to otsutaekudasai.

[~NAGARA]

I was studying and doing work.
Benkyou shinagara, shigoto wo shimasu. -same duration
When I was studying, my friend came.
Benkyou wo shiteiru toki, tomodachi ga kimashita. -duration and a point

Example1:
I eat and watch TV.
Tabenagara, terebi wo mimasu.

Example2:
I like to talk on the phone and lie down.
Nenagara, denwa wo suruno ga suki desu.

2)~nagara, ~suru wa abunai desu. -doing something and something is dangerous.

Example:
Driving and talking on the phone is dangerous.
Untenshinagara, denwa wo suru wa abunai desu.

[WEATHER PREDICTION]

1)90% sure prediction use "~to omoi masu/~deshyou"
Example: Tomorrow's weather should be good.
Ashita no tenki wa ii to omoi masu/Ashita no tenki wa ii deshyou.

2)80% sure use "~darou to omoimasu"
Example: Tomorrow's weather might be good.
Ashita no tenki wa ii darou to omoimasu.

*Extra notes:
Tenki wa...
a)hare - clear/sunny
b)kumori - cloudy
c)ame - rain
d)yuki - snow
e)kiri - foggy

Ashita wa...
a)atsui - hot
b)samui - cold
c)atatakai - warm
d)ame/yuki ga furu - raining/snowing

Vocabulary:
hikosu - to relocate/move
umareru - born
kara age - spicy deep-fried chicken
komotteru/yodonderu - stuffy (air)

[PASSIVE HONORIFIC]

Sensei wa...
a)okaeri ni narimashita. -regular passive form
b)kaeraremashita. -passive honorific form

Conjugation:
~a + reru
Example: iku->ikareru
Irregular example: kuru->korareru

Regular sonkeigo: Meshiagarimashita/Otabeninarimashita.
Honorific Passive: Taberaremashita.

Distribution Hints/Clues:
a)Sensei wa raion ni taberareru. -regular passive (keypoint: "ni" particle)
The teacher was eaten by the lion.
b)Sensei wa raion ga taberareru. -potential form (keypoint: "ga" particle)
The teacher can eat the lion.
c)Sensei wa raion wo taberareru. -honorific passive (keypoint: "wo" particle)
The teacher eats the lion.

[USING "DEMO" FOR OPTIONS]

Do you want to go to the movies or something else?
Eiga ni demo ikimasenka/ikanai/ikimashouka/ikouka/ikimashou/ikou.

[BEFORE AND WHEN]

Before you get to Japan, what will you do?
Nihon ni ikutoki, nani wo shimasuka. (keypoint: dictionary form of verb + toki)

When you get to Japan, what will you do?
Nihon ni itta toki nani wo shimasuka. (keypoint: past tense of verb + toki)