Chuukyuu Go (continued)

[DIRECT/INDIRECT QUOTE]

Billy asked Tim, "When are you going to Tokyo?"
Birii-san wa Timu-san ga "itsu tokyou e ikimasuka" to kikimashita. -direct
Billy asked Tim when he was going to Tokyo.
Birii-san wa Timu-san ga itsu tokyou e ikuka kikimashita. -indirect

*add "ka" at the end of the question word (itsu, nani, doko, dare, etc.)

Billy asked Tim "Are you going to Tokyo?"
Birii-san wa Timu-san ga "Tokyou e ikimasuka" to kikimasita. -direct
Billy asked Tim if he was going to Tokyo.
Birii-san wa Timu-san ga Tokyou e ikukadouka kikimashita. -indirect

**if it is a yes/no answer-question, use short form of verb +kadouka (i.e. nomu+kadouka=nomukadouka)

1)Answering questions with "kadouka"...

Example:
Q)Does Billy step outside?
Birii-san wa soto ni demasuka?
A)I don't know whether or not Billy steps outside.
Birii-san wa soto ni derukadouka wakarimasen. (use kadouka and wakaranai/wakarimasen)

*Extra Notes:
Q)Tsugou ga iidesuka - Are you available (schedule-wise)?
A)Tsugou ga atta(I "found" available time)/tsugou ga warui(I'm not availabe; "bad schedule")/tsugou ga ii(I'm available; "good schedule")

[ALREADY HAVE/HAVEN'T YET]

1)~tenai is used for "~haven't yet"
Example: Billy hasn't come home yet.
Birii-san wa mada kaettekite nainda. (kaettekite=come home)

2)~mou[V] is used for "already have"
Example: Billy already ate the cake.
Birii-san wa keeki mou tabetta.

3)~[V]takoto is used for "lifetime experience"
Example1: I have never in my lifetime been to Japan.
Nihon ni ikitakoto ga arimasen.
Example2: Billy went to Japan before (in his lifetime).
Birii-san wa nihon ni ikitakoto ga arimasu.

*Extra Notes:
~tte (iimashita) is informal compared to ~to iu/iimashita
Sakihodo - earlier (today)
Gocon - group date/party (popular in Japan, a party for "single" people)
Conpa - party (with employees and such)

[LEAVING A MESSAGE BY THE PHONE]

Dialogue Example:
Billy: May I please leave a message?
Birii: Jya, sumimasenga, dengon onegaidekimasuka.
Tim's Mother: Yes, go ahead.
Timu no haha: Hai, douzo.
Billy: Could you please tell him that we're going to the park tomorrow?
Birii: Ano, ashita kouen ni iku to otsutaekudasai.

[~NAGARA]

I was studying and doing work.
Benkyou shinagara, shigoto wo shimasu. -same duration
When I was studying, my friend came.
Benkyou wo shiteiru toki, tomodachi ga kimashita. -duration and a point

Example1:
I eat and watch TV.
Tabenagara, terebi wo mimasu.

Example2:
I like to talk on the phone and lie down.
Nenagara, denwa wo suruno ga suki desu.

2)~nagara, ~suru wa abunai desu. -doing something and something is dangerous.

Example:
Driving and talking on the phone is dangerous.
Untenshinagara, denwa wo suru wa abunai desu.

[WEATHER PREDICTION]

1)90% sure prediction use "~to omoi masu/~deshyou"
Example: Tomorrow's weather should be good.
Ashita no tenki wa ii to omoi masu/Ashita no tenki wa ii deshyou.

2)80% sure use "~darou to omoimasu"
Example: Tomorrow's weather might be good.
Ashita no tenki wa ii darou to omoimasu.

*Extra notes:
Tenki wa...
a)hare - clear/sunny
b)kumori - cloudy
c)ame - rain
d)yuki - snow
e)kiri - foggy

Ashita wa...
a)atsui - hot
b)samui - cold
c)atatakai - warm
d)ame/yuki ga furu - raining/snowing

Vocabulary:
hikosu - to relocate/move
umareru - born
kara age - spicy deep-fried chicken
komotteru/yodonderu - stuffy (air)

[PASSIVE HONORIFIC]

Sensei wa...
a)okaeri ni narimashita. -regular passive form
b)kaeraremashita. -passive honorific form

Conjugation:
~a + reru
Example: iku->ikareru
Irregular example: kuru->korareru

Regular sonkeigo: Meshiagarimashita/Otabeninarimashita.
Honorific Passive: Taberaremashita.

Distribution Hints/Clues:
a)Sensei wa raion ni taberareru. -regular passive (keypoint: "ni" particle)
The teacher was eaten by the lion.
b)Sensei wa raion ga taberareru. -potential form (keypoint: "ga" particle)
The teacher can eat the lion.
c)Sensei wa raion wo taberareru. -honorific passive (keypoint: "wo" particle)
The teacher eats the lion.

[USING "DEMO" FOR OPTIONS]

Do you want to go to the movies or something else?
Eiga ni demo ikimasenka/ikanai/ikimashouka/ikouka/ikimashou/ikou.

[BEFORE AND WHEN]

Before you get to Japan, what will you do?
Nihon ni ikutoki, nani wo shimasuka. (keypoint: dictionary form of verb + toki)

When you get to Japan, what will you do?
Nihon ni itta toki nani wo shimasuka. (keypoint: past tense of verb + toki)

Intermediate 5 (Chuukyuu Go)

Resson Juushichi:

[HOSHII]

1)How to say someone wants something...

Example1: Billy said "I want a new car."
Birii-san wa "atarashii kuruma ga hoshii" to iimashita/itteimasu. -quoting
Billy wants a new car.
or Birii-san wa atarashii kuruma wo hoshigatteimasu (verb/hoshi+garu). -narrating

Example2: Billy wants to eat ice cream.
Birii-san wa aisu kuriimu wo tabetagatteimasu (verb/tabeta+garu).

Example3: Billy wants to go Japantown.
Birii-san wa nihonmachi ni ikitagatteimasu (verb/ikita+garu).

2)Asking favors...

a)Watashi wa (hito) ni (nani)te hoshii desu. -direct, "I want (person) to (do something)."

b)Watashi wa (hito) ni (nani)te moraitaidesu. -want to receive favor (nicer than using [hoshii])

Example1: I want Billy to lend me money.
Watashi wa Birii-san ni okane wo kashite hoshii desu. -direct
Watashi wa Birii-san ni okane wo kashite hoshiindesuga. -using "ga"
Watashi wa Birii-san ni okane wo kashite kuremasenka/kudasaimasenka. -using humble form "kudasaru" and "kureru"

Example2: I want Billy to do my homework.
Watashi wa Birii-san ni shukudai wo shite hoshii desu.

**Extra Notes:
Atsugatteimasu - hot/warm
Samugatteimasu - cold
Itagatteimasu - pain
*Iyagatteiru - doesn't want
Potential uses "ga" particle (i.e. nani ga mieru/kikoeru/wakaru) as well as emotions&skills (i.e. nani ga jyouzu/heta/suki/kirai)

Vocabulary:
Hoshii - desire
[V]~tai - wants to (insert verb before)

[~SOU/~NASASOU]

1)Changing i-adjectives for ~sou/~nasasou...

-i +sou or -i +kunasasou

Example: It seems yummy.
Oishisou. (oishii -i, +sou = oishisou)

It doesn't seem yummy.
Oishikunasasou. (oishii -i, +kunasasou = oishinasasou)

2)Changing na-adjectives for ~sou/~nasasou...

Example: He seems healthy.
Genkisou. (genki +sou = genkisou; genki=na-adjective)

He doesn't seem healthy.
Genkinasasou. (genki +nasasou = genkinasasou)

**Extra Notes:
ii->yosasou
inai->nasasou

[VICTIM PASSIVE FORM]

1)Changing the verb to victim passive form...

The teacher took Billy's book.
Sensei wa Birii-san no hon wo torimashita. -regular narration

Billy's book was stolen by the teacher. -victimized situation
Birii-san wa sensei ni hon wo toraremashita. (the verb "toru" changes to "-areru"; torareru)

*notes: the subject changes from teacher to Billy, and the verb changes from indirect passive form to victim passive form.

The baby cries.
Aka-chan ga naku.

The baby cries (and it's annoying me).
(Watashi wa) aka-chan ni nakareru.
or
The baby cries, I can't sleep.
Aka-chan ga naite, watashi wa nerarenakatta.

It's raining.
Ame wo furimashita.

I was rained on.
Ame ni furaremashita.

Billy did Tim's homework for him.
Birii-san wa Timu-san ni shukudai wo shitemoraimashita. (Billy was not victimized in this sentence)
or
Birii-san wa Timu-san ni shukudai wo saremashita. (Billy was victimized in this sentence)

REVIEW:
1)Basic Passive:
My mom praised me.
Haha ga watashi wo hometa.
I was praised by my mom.
Watashi wa haha ni homerareta.

2)Ownership/Posessive:
Someone stepped on my foot.
Dare ka ga watashi no ashi wo funda.
My foot was stepped on by someone.
Watashi wa dare ka ni ashi wo furareta.

3)Victim Passive:
The baby cried.
Aka-chan ga naita.
(I was annoyed) by the baby's cry.
Watashi wa aka-chan ni nakareta.
or
The baby cried, I couldn't do work.
Aka-chan ni naite, shigoto ga dekinakatta.

4)Creation Passive:
JK wrote Harry Potter.
JK-san wa hariipottaa wo kaita.
Harry Potter was written by JK.
Hariipottaa wa JK-san ni kakaremashita.

5)Objective/Neutral Passive:
It's been said "Tokyou's apartment(s) is/are expensive."
"Tokyou no apaato wa takai" to iwareteimasu.

[SONKEIGO & KENJYOUGO]

1)Sonkeigo is used to raise the status of someone who is higher than you; respecting someone of a higher status/age. While, on the other hand, kenjyougo is used to lower your status when talking to someone of higher status/age. In other words, sonkeigo=honorific, kenjyougo=humble.

Kenjyougo List:
iru->oru/orimasu
iku/kuru->mairu/mairimasu
miru->haikensuru/haikenshimasu
au->omenikakaru/omenikakarimasu or oaisuru/oaishimasu
kiku/dazuneru->ukagau/ukagaimasu or okikisuru/okikishimasu
iu->mousu/moushimasu
suru->itasu/itashimasu
shitteiru->sonjiteorimasu
taberu/nomu->itadaku/itadakimasu
aru->gozaru/gozaimasu
~teiru->~teoru/teorimasu
~desu->~degozaru/degozaimasu

Sonkeigo List:
iru/iku/kuru-> irasshyaru/irasshyaimasu
miru->goranninaru/goranninarimasu
au->oaininaru/oaininarimasu
kiku/tazuneru->okikininaru/okikininarimasu; otazuneninaru/otazuneninarimasu
iu->osshyaru/osshyaimasu
suru->nasaru/nasaimasu
shitteiru->gozonjidesu
neru->oyasumininaru
taberu/nomu->meshiagaru/meshiagarimasu
~teiru->~teirasshyaru/~teirasshyaimasu
~desu->~deirasshyaru/~deirasshyaimasu